Cold+War-Early+Years

C opy this page onto a new page in your online notebook. To get an overview of the origins of the Cold War, begin by reading [|Allies to Enemies: Origins of the Cold War]from ABC-CLIO. ** Use pages 794-799 in //Creating America// and ** ** [|“The Cold War” research list on ABC-CLIO] ** ** to ** ** develop a complete description ** ** for each event or idea from the early years of the Cold War. ** ** This information will help set the stage for tomorrow's activity. Use the first entry as an example for detail. **

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 * **THE YALTA CONFERENCE**
 * Meeting near the end of WWII - big 3 meet to discuss post war Europe
 * Germany will be divided, controlled by the Allies
 * Liberated Eastern European countries will have new elections
 * United Nations will be formed
 * USSR is given great influence over Eastern Europe, and new government must be "Soviet freindly"
 * the roots of the Cold War are established || [[image:turningpoints2010/yalta.jpg align="center" caption="yalta.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010/un.gif align="center" caption="un.gif"]] || **THE UNITED NATIONS**
 * The United Nations showed that the major nations needed to work together in order to keep the peace, and avoid wars.
 * World War II proved that the League of Nations was not working, since the United States was not in it.
 * The United Nations Charter was ratified in October 24, created in conference including representatives form 50 nations.
 * According to Abc-Clio The UN Charter's goal was "to settle their international disputes by peaceful means, . . . refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against any other State, . . . [and] give the United Nations every assistance in any action it takes in accordance with the Charter. . . ."
 * Also the World Court, or International Court of Justice was created. ||
 * **CONTAINMENT ([|Video available] -** username mtaft, password usm**)**
 * George Kenan created it
 * Containment is a policy created by the United States to prevent other countries becoming Communism
 * They did this through political, economic, and diplomatic methods.
 * Tried to limit the country's ideological influence. || [[image:turningpoints2010/kennan.jpg align="center" caption="kennan.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010/truman.jpg align="center" caption="truman.jpg"]] || **THE TRUMAN DOCTRINE ([|Video available]-**
 * 2 (Greece and Turkey) countries were being taken over by Communism, and the US believed that it was the Soviets who were funding the Communist forces for the two countries.
 * The US decided to act by granting 400 million dollars between the 2 countries to bring down the communist force.
 * The Truman Doctrine laid the groundwork for the Marshall Plan, which did similar things to Western Europe.
 * Led to financial and military troubles throughout the world, including the Korean and Vietnam wars. ||
 * **THE MARSHALL PLAN** **([|Video available]-**
 * Secretary of State, and former US Army chief of staff during World War II George Marshall proposed the "Marshall Plan".
 * His plan was intended to restore and reconstruct all of Europe in order to prevent the spread of Communism in Europe.
 * The Marshall Plan's official name was the European Recovery Program.
 * Plan offered same aid to the Soviets and the Soviet's allies, but none of them accepted it.
 * Plan was called a great success since it erased trade barriers and stabilized the economy in Europe. || [[image:turningpoints2010/marshall.jpg align="center" caption="marshall.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010/airlift.jpg align="center" caption="airlift.jpg"]] || **THE BERLIN BLOCKADE AND AIRLIFT ([|Video]****[|available]**


 * **Berlin, Germany's former capital, was split into East and West Berlin.**
 * The British had control of West Berlin and the Soviets held control over East Berlin.**
 * **Stalin wanted control of all of Berlin so he blocked access to Berlin.**
 * **Truman responded by flying aircraft full of food, fuel, and equipment**
 * into the city.**
 * **In over a year 275,000 flights had brought in supplies, so in 1949 Stalin**
 * called off the blockade.** ||
 * **NATO AND THE WARSAW PACT**


 * In 1948, Eastern Europe was threatened by communism
 * Western Europe + the U.S. and Canada created the NATO alliance, or North Atlantic Treaty Organization
 * Western Europe wanted a mutual defense against communism
 * Eastern Europe + Soviet Union in turn created the Warsaw pact
 * Supposed to be a mutual defense organization to counter NATO, but Soviet Union dominated it and controlled the alliance. || [[image:http://www.allrussias.com/images/map_coldwar_big.jpg caption="external image map_coldwar_big.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010/19471023_Reagan_HUAC.jpg align="center" caption="19471023_Reagan_HUAC.jpg"]] || **THE RED SCARE, THE ROSENBERGS, AND HUAC ([|Video available]-** username mtaft, password usm**)**


 * **After WWII, some people thought that communism would take over America too.**
 * **Attention first focused on people who belonged to the U.S. Communist Party, who were thought to act as spies for Russia.**
 * **Ethel and Julius Rosenberg, members of the Communist Party, were convicted of passing atomic bomb secrets to the Soviets in 1951 and were executed in 1953.**
 * **Truman made government workers sign loyalty checks.**
 * **The House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) targeted actors, directors, and writers for suspected communist ties.**
 * **Blacklists circulated Hollywood and anybody who was on the list had their career ruined** ||
 * **COMMUNISM IN CHINA** * In September 1949, the Communist Party beat out the anticommunist Nationalists in a civil war.
 * Nationalists were supported by the US
 * Mao Zedong became the leader, while the nationalists fled to Taiwan
 * Americans surprised by fall of Nationalists and viewed the takeover as Communism trying to rule the world || [[image:turningpoints2010/PRCFounding.jpg align="center" caption="PRCFounding.jpg"]] ||
 * || **THE KOREAN WAR**

**No need to take notes - you will have a different assignment and activity** || username mtaft, password usm**)** * The Space Race is in full gear
 * MCCARTHYISM ([|Video available]- username mtaft, password usm**)** * Joseph McCarthy was a Republican senator from WISCONSIN (REPRESENT)
 * In Feb 1950, he said he had found 205 communists in the State Department.
 * He wrecked the careers of many people when he false suspected thousands of people as communists.
 * //McCarthyism// stands for when an innocent citizen is being charged recklessly. || [[image:turningpoints2010/180px-Joseph_McCarthy.jpg align="center" caption="180px-Joseph_McCarthy.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010/1sputnik.jpg align="center" caption="1sputnik.jpg"]] || **THE SPACE RACE ([|Video available]-**
 * Both USA and Soviet Union attempt to get German help
 * In 1957, Sovits send a satellite and it begins revolution in Earth's orbit
 * Two years later in 1959, the USA launches Jupiter
 * Also in 1959, the Soviets send a probe to space to take pictures
 * The USA put billions of dollars into funding for space research
 * Eisenhower wanted to meet Soviet Union Premier Nikita Khrushchev but because of an incident involving a USA plane, the talks didn't accomplish anything, as Eisenhower wanted an apology ||